Summary by TwinMind · 5m 42s
Summary by TwinMind · 5m 42s
Can you solve the fantasy election riddle? - Dennis E. Shasha
Can you solve the fantasy election riddle? - Dennis E. Shasha
TED-Ed
TED-Ed
Polling Challenge Setup
- Fantasy realm transitioning from dragon jousting to democracy
- Two candidates: giant orange troll vs experienced tree statesman
- Dormor Polling Agency hired by all-powerful eyebrow
- High stakes: incorrect prediction = literal beheading
- Problem: citizens reluctant to admit troll support due to controversial reputation
- Stranger's cryptic advice: "what have you got in your pocket?"
- Solution tool: silver coin with king's head/tail
First Polling Method - Single Candidate Masking
- Technique: single coin flip for deniability
- Process:
- Each voter flips coin privately
- Heads = report "troll" regardless of actual preference
- Tails = report actual preference
- Results example:
- 200 voters polled
- 130 reported troll support
- ~100 coin-forced troll responses (50% heads probability)
- Real troll support: 30 votes (130-100)
- Actual distribution: 30 troll, 70 tree (troll likely to lose)
Election Disruption
- Third party dragon candidate burns treefellow alive
- Constitution mandates murderer takes victim's place in new election
- New polling challenge: both candidates now stigmatized
- Troll support still shameful
- Dragon support problematic (murder-based candidacy)
Second Polling Method - Dual Candidate Masking
- Enhanced technique: double coin flip for four outcomes
- Process:
- Each voter flips coin twice
- Two heads = report "troll"
- Two tails = report "dragon"
- Mixed results = report true preference
- Probability calculations:
- 25% chance two heads (forced troll response)
- 25% chance two tails (forced dragon response)
- 50% true preference reporting
- Results example:
- 105 reported troll, 95 reported dragon
- Subtract 50 forced responses from each
- Real distribution: 55 troll, 45 dragon
- Troll wins by narrow margin
Outcome
- Troll wins election as predicted
- Polling agency survives/succeeds
