New Study Findings on Galaxy Rotation

• New study found universe might be spinning
• Researchers examined 263 ancient galaxies to determine rotation direction
• 2/3 of galaxies rotate opposite direction to Milky Way (marked blue)
• Only 1/3 rotate same direction as Milky Way (marked red)
• Result contradicts expected 50/50 probability distribution

James Webb Space Telescope Observations

• Mission: look for early galaxies formed few hundred million years after Big Bang
• Surprise finding: galaxies grow/develop structures much faster than dark matter hypothesis predicted
• Supported modified Newtonian dynamics prediction instead
• Current spinning discovery was unpredicted by any theory

Galaxy Formation Physics

• Galaxies spin due to angular momentum conservation
• Form from matter with increasing density via gravity
• Matter has random motion, creating angular momentum
• Like figure skater: denser matter = faster rotation
• Random initial motion should produce equal probability of rotation directions

Validation of Results

• Asymmetry not close to 50/50 - significant anomaly
• Earlier studies on older galaxies showed similar but smaller asymmetry
• Previous results largely ignored due to smaller effect
• Combined data suggests asymmetry was larger in early universe
• Different instruments found similar results, making observational bias unlikely

Possible Explanations

• Universe-wide spin: Early universe matter had large-scale spin affecting smaller systems
• Plasma misunderstanding: Incorrect assumptions about early universe plasma formation
• Fractal universe theory: Quantum fluctuations with self-similarity patterns
  • Julia set example: fractal full of spirals all turning same way
  • Could explain large supergalactic structures violating cosmological principle

Educational Content

• Brilliant.org sponsorship
• New data science courses using real-world examples
• Author's quantum mechanics course available
• Topics: wave functions, superpositions, entanglement, interference, uncertainty principle, Bell's theorem
• 30-day free trial, 20% off annual subscription via brilliant.org/sabina